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Indoor water services are the components which provide clean drinking-quality water under pressure to connected plumbing fixtures and appliances for human consumption or use. Health benefits include a reduction of disease transmission risks from contaminated tap water as well as reducing the potential health effects associated with other methods of providing heated or chilled water to occupants. The main water pipe in the building is called a service pipe. It will be located under the ground, either to the front or rear of the property, but never in the middle of it. If it is to one side of the house, then that side must take priority over any other side when locating taps and showers etc., as this will reduce pressure loss through internal walls. A typical 50mm diameter plastic piping system has an expected life span of sixty years before requiring replacement due to leakage. The concrete trench-less method has reduced installation time from weeks to days and allowed for easier access for future servicing. Those pipes are buried deep enough below ground so they won't freeze during winter. Plastic pipes (plasticizer migration) which can transport pressurized water to the end-use fixtures or appliances in the building. The size of these pipes is calculated by multiplying the diameter by its length, and considering pressure loss due to friction and fittings. Such pipes are generally made of plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), but occasionally copper piping may be used for larger diameter sizes. Chemicals like phthalates and lead are also added during manufacturing to make plastic pipes more flexible. Water pressure inside buildings is always lower than outside because of the friction caused by fittings, valves and thickness of the pipe as high water temperature can increase this loss and can create a lot of trouble.